(20) The term for ‘brother’, aha into the BT, have on top of that become enhanced, even though this function is additionally found in Turoyo. Hertevin has actually one another ?aha and you can ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), but Mandaic has only aha (Macuch 1965, 495).

Simultaneously, external NENA, i’ve almost every other conditions: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)

(21) One alternatively mysterious goods that’s attested in all NENA languages but Sanandaj Christian (hence probably merely a chance pit on facts) are aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) argues that the keyword derives regarding supply ql ‘to be crooked’. All of the languages make use of the setting aqla, except Koy Sanjaq aqla and you may Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.

(22) Various other keyword chatted about by the Krotkoff (1985, 131-32, 134) are baxta ‘woman’, with supplanted the Syriac atta in most NENA, yet not into the Turoyo or Mandaic. That it keyword appears to derive from Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It’s fascinating to see you to an irregular plural endures into the numerous languages: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and you can Halabja inse.

(23) Surprise creativity talked about because of the Noldeke (1868, 59) try rxata, comparable to Syriac rhat. The alteration off h so you can x within this one word is found in every NENA dialects where in fact the verb was attested. Examples: Sanandaj Christian raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi r-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).

(24) Other unforeseen innovation is the NENA verb ‘fear’, which will take the forms zda?good, zdaya, and zdala in the individuals languages. Macuch and you will Panoussi (1974, 50) give a possible derivation from the Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Models into the infixed d are found throughout the new NENA languages where means is attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-dreading (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)

Not all of one’s pinpointing features of NENA can be found in either Turoyo otherwise Mandaic

I do believe that a lot more than causes it to be clear that NENA languages express a wide range of special characteristics which are found none in the previous attested kinds of Aramaic neither on the other living languages. These features diversity along the domains off phonology, morphology, while the lexicon.

Especially, all of the dialects regarding NENA concur in standards 2, 9, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, 21, and you may 22. All the dialects in which i have suggestions also agree on conditions 20, 23, and you can 24.

All but Halabja agree for the criteria 8 and you may 11. Traditional 6 is found in all the dialects but Halabja, Hertevin, and you will Sanandaj Religious.

Even with the inner departments, new NENA languages form a stunningly defined group, divided obviously away from each other Turoyo and Mandaic. The career of them dialects away from NENA pale is beyond concern.

The levels to which has are common across NENA is especially unbelievable whenever we look at the tremendous differences when considering the various dialects. The fresh new influence from other dialects toward NENA might have been both strong and you will broad, as well as the level of shared intelligibility ranging from dialects can be hugely short. The many mutual designs dispute firmly getting a common provider regarding the brand new NENA dialects, in a choice of an individual dialect or perhaps in a team of closely related languages. At the same time, we are able to detect a handful of important bundles away from isoglosses and this depict the fresh new limits off dialect communities.

a) This new dialect off Halabja does not display particular crucial innovations which can be found as a result of most of the other countries in the dialects. It does not function a good CCiC-ce preterite off intransitive verbs (8), it’s zero b(it)- future marker (10), https://www.datingranking.net/cs/sugardaddyforme-recenze and has now zero third person one copula having step 1 (11). It is the essential standard division anywhere between languages of NENA. It indicates that kept languages form a team whereby designs spread whenever you are Halabja remained unaffected by the him or her.